Forskellige artikler omhandlende Copaxone® og blandt andet virkningsmekanisme, effekt, sikkerhed og tolerabilitet.

Review-artikler

Comi G. et. al., The heritage of glatiramer acetate and its use in multiple sclerosis, Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Disorders, 2016:1:6
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McKeage K., Glatiramer Acetate 40 mg/mL in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Review, CNS Drugs, 2015 May;29(5):425-32
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Boster Al. et. al., Glatiramer acetate: long-term safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Expert Rev Neurother, 2015 Jun;15(6):575-86
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Johnson P., Glatiramer acetate for treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Expert Rev Neurother, 2012 Apr;12(4):371-84
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Caporro M. et. al., Two decades of subcutaneous glatiramer acetate injection: current role of the standard dose, and new high-dose low-frequency glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis treatment, Patient Prefer Adherence, 2014 Aug 21;8:1123-34
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Messina S. et. al., The pharmacokinetics of glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis treatment, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2013 Oct;9(10):1349-59
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Langtidseffekt- og sikkerhedsdata

CONFIDENCE studiet (12 måneders data) Copaxone 40 mg vs Copaxone 20 mg
Gary Cutter et.al. Satisfaction and adherence with glatiramer acetate 40mg/mL TIW in RRMS after 12 months, and the effect of switching from 20mg/mL QD. Multiple sclerosis VOLUME 40, 101957, MAY 01, 2020
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Ziemssen T. et. al., 2-year observational study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis converting to glatiramer acetate from other disease-modifying therapies: the COPTIMIZE trial, J.Neurology. 2014 Nov;261(11):2101-11;8
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Ford C. et. al., Continuous long-term immunomodulatory therapy in relapsing multiple sclerosis: results from the 15-year analysis of the US prospective open-label study of glatiramer acetate, Mult scler, 2010 Mar;16(3):342-50
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Boster Al. et. al., Glatiramer acetate: long-term safety and efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis,Expert Rev Neurother, 2015 Jun;15(6):575-86
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Miller A. et. al., Long-term (up to 22 years), open-label, compassionate-use study of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler, 2008 May;14(4):494-9
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Virkningsmekanisme

"Aharoni R., The mechanism of action of glatiramer acetate in multiple sclerosis and beyond, Autoimmun rev., 2013 Mar;12(5):543-53
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Arnon R., et. al., Immunomodulation by the copolymer glatiramer acetate, J Mol Recognit, 2003 Nov-Dec;16(6):412-21
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Viktor Skihar et. al., Promoting oligodendrogenesis and myelin repair using the multiple sclerosis medication glatiramer acetate, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2009 Oct 20;10642):179927
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Ziemssen T. et. al., Glatiramer acetate-specific T-helper 1- and 2-type cell lines produce BDNF: implications for multiple sclerosis therapy, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, Brain, 2002 Nov;125(Pt 11):2381-91
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Damiano M. et. al., The brain antigen-specific B cell response correlates with glatiramer acetate responsiveness in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients, Sci Rep. 2015 Sep 21;5:14265
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Messina S. et. al., The pharmacokinetics of glatiramer acetate for multiple sclerosis treatment, Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol, 2013 Oct;9(10):1349-59
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Khan O., et. al., Axonal metabolic recovery and potential neuroprotective effect of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Mult.Sclerosis, 2005 Dec;11(6):646-51
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Arbejdsliv

Ziemssen T. et. al., Effects of glatiramer acetate on fatigue and days of absence from work in first-time treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2008 Sep 5;6:67
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Lage MJ et. al., Effect of immunomodulatory therapy and other factors on employment loss time in multiple sclerosis, Work, 2006;27(2):143-51, Erratum in: Work, 2006;27(4):441
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Hjerneatrofi og neuroprotektion

Khan O. et. al., Effect of disease-modifying therapies on brain volume in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a five-year brain MRI study, J Neurol Sci, 2012 Jan 15;312(1-2):7-12
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Zivadinov R. et. al., Effect of glatiramer acetate three-times weekly on the evolution of new, active multiple sclerosis lesions into T1-hypointense ‘‘black holes’’: a post hoc magnetic resonance imaging analysis, J. Neuroimaging 2015 Mar;262(3):648-53
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Khan O., et. al., Axonal metabolic recovery and potential neuroprotective effect of glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Multi.Sclerosis, 2005 Dec;11(6):646-51
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Sikkerhed og tolerabilitet

GALA-extension studiet
Khan O. et.al., Efficacy and safety of a three-times-weekly dosing regimen of glatiramer acetate in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients: 3-year results of the Glatiramer Acetate Low-Frequency Administration open-label extension study, Mult Scler. 2016 Aug 8
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GLACIER-studiet (GA 20 versus GA 40)
Wolinsky JS. et. al., GLACIER: An open-label, randomized, multicenter study to assess the safety and tolerability of glatiramer acetate 40mg three-times weekly versus 20mg daily in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Mult Scler Relat Disord, 2015 Jul;4(4):370-6
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Neutraliserende antistoffer
Teitelbaum D. et. al., Antibodies to glatiramer acetate do not interfere with its biological functions and therapeutic efficacy, Mult Scler. 2003 Dec;9(6):592-9
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Effekt

GALA studiet (GA 40)
Khan O. et. al., Three times weekly glatiramer acetate in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Ann Neurol, 2013 Jun;73(6):705-13
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Zivadinov R. et. al., The Effect of Three Times a Week Glatiramer Acetate on Cerebral T1 Hypointense Lesions in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis, J Neuroimaging 2015;00:1-7
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Johnson P., Copolymer 1 reduces relapse rate and improves disability in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: results of a phase III multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, Neurology, 2001 Dec;57(12 Suppl 5):S16-24
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Sclerosetræthed og livskvalitet

Ziemssen T. et.al., 2-year observational study of patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis converting to glatiramer acetate from other disease-modifying therapies: the COPTIMIZE trial, 2014 Nov;261(11):2101-11;8
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Jongen PJ. et. al., Fatigue and health-related quality of life in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after 2 years glatiramer acetate treatment are predicted by changes at 6 months: an observational multi-center study, J Neurol. 2014 Aug;261(8):1469-76
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Jongen P. et. al., Health-related quality of life in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients during treatment with glatiramer acetate: a prospective, observational, international, multi-centre study, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2010 Nov 15;8:133
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Ziemssen T. et. al., Effects of glatiramer acetate on fatigue and days of absence from work in first-time treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Health Qual Life Outcomes, 2008 Sep 5;6:67
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Metz LM. Et. al., The effect of immunomodulatory treatment on multiple sclerosis fatigue, J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 2004 Jul;75(7):1045-7
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Dato: 1.1.2023